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API ENGINE SERVICE CLASSIFICATIONS
The American Petroleum Institute (API) engine oil classification system was set up as a joint effort by API, ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). The letter classification system is a method of classifying engine oils according to their performance characteristics and related to their intended type of service. The API engine oil classification system currently includes classes of service for service stations ("S" series), for energy conserving engine oils ("EC" series), and for commercial applications ("C" series). It is an open-ended system which allows for the addition of new designations without changing or deleting existing ones. The ASTM Engine Oil Description is also included for each category, where applicable.
"S" SERVICE STATION CLASSIFICATIONS
SL for 2001 Gasoline Engine Service
Category SL was adopted to describe engine oils for use in 2001. it is for use in service typical of gasoline engines in present and earlier passenger cars, sports utility vehicles, vans and light trucks operating under vehicle manufacturers' recommended maintenance procedures. Oils meeting API SL requirements have been tested according to the American Chemistry Council (ACP) Product Approval Code of practice and may utilize the API Base Oil Interchange and Viscosity Grade Engine Testing Guidelines. They may be used where API service category SJ and earlier categories are recommended.
SJ for 1997 Gasoline Engine Service
It was adopted in 1997 to describe engine oil first mandated in 1997. For use in service typical of gasoline engines in current and earlier passenger car, van and light truck operating under vehicle manufacturers' recommended maintenance procedures. Oils meeting API SJ requirements have been tested according to the American Chemistry Council (ACP) Product Approval Code of practice and may utilize the API Base Oil Interchange and Viscosity Grade Engine Testing Guidelines. They may be used where API service category SH and earlier categories are recommended.
SH for 1994 Gasoline Engine Warranty Maintenance Service
Service typical of gasoline engines in current and earlier passenger car, van and light truck operation under vehicle manufacturers' recommended maintenance procedures. First available 1 January, 1994, oils in this category exceed the minimum performance requirements of API Service Category SG in the areas of deposit control, oil oxidation wear, rust and corrosion. Engine oils meeting API Service Category SH have been tested in accordance with the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) Code of Practice, and may be used where API Service Category SG and earlier categories have been recommended.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Engine manufacturer maintenance service classification for gasoline engines beginning with 1994 model passenger cars.
SG for 1989 Gasoline Engine Warranty Maintenance Service
Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars, vans and light-duty trucks, and some diesel engines, beginning with 1989 models operating under manufacturers recommended maintenance procedures. Oils developed for API Service Classification SG provided improved control of sludge and varnish, oil oxidation and engine wear relative to engine oils developed for previous categories. These oils also provide protection against rust and corrosion. Oils meeting API Service Category SG may be used when API service Categories SF, SE and earlier categories are recommended.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Engine manufacturer maintenance service classification for gasoline engines beginning with 1989 model passenger cars.
SF for 1980 Gasoline Engine Warranty Maintenance Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars and some trucks beginning with 1980 models operating under manufacturers' recommended maintenance procedures. Oils developed for this service provided increased oxidation stability and improved antiwear performance relative to engine oils that met the minimum requirements for API Service Category SE. These oils also provided protection against engine deposits, rust and corrosion. Oils meeting API Service Category SF may be used when API Service Categories SE, SD or SC are recommended.
ASTM Engine Oil/ Description: Engine manufacturer maintenance service for gasoline engines beginning with 1980 model passenger cars.
SE for 1972 Gasoline Engine Warranty Maintenance Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars and some trucks beginning with 1972 and certain 1971 models operating under manufacturers' recommended maintenance procedures. Oils designed for this service provided more protection against oil oxidation, high-temperature engine deposits, rust and corrosion in gasoline engines than oils that satisfied API Engine Service Categories SD or SC and may be used when either of these categories is recommended.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting the 1972 requirements of the automobile manufacturers. Intended primarily for use in passenger cars. Provides high temperature anti-oxidation, low temperature antisludge, and antirust performance.
SD for 1968 Gasoline Engine Warranty Maintenance Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of gasoline engines beginning with 1968 models. Of little relevance to modern gasoline engines. Superseded by API Service Category SE in 1972.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting the requirements of the automobile manufacturers since 1968. Intended primarily for use in passenger cars. Provides low temperature antisludge and antirust performance.
SC for 1964 Gasoline Engine Warranty Maintenance Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of gasoline engines in 1964 through 1967. Of little relevance to modern gasoline engines. Superseded by API Service Category SD in 1968.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting the 1964-1967 requirements of the automobile manufacturers, intended primarily for use in passenger cars. Provides low temperature antisludge and antirust performance.
SB for Minimum-Duty Gasoline Engine Service (Obsolete)
Oils meeting this service provided only mild antiscuff capability, and some resistance to oil oxidation and bearing corrosion. Oils of API Service Category SB should not used in any engine unless specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Provides some anti-oxidant and antiscuff capabilities.
SA formerly for Utility Gasoline and Diesel Engine Service (Obsolete)
Oils for such mild service that the category had no performance requirements. Oils of API Service Category SA should not be used in any engine unless specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil without additive except that it may contain pour and/or foam depressants.
"EC" ENERGY CONSERVING CLASSIFICATIONS
Two Energy Conserving Classifications are current:
EC-II Energy Conserving II
Engine oils categorised as Energy Conserving II are formulated to improve the fuel economy of passenger cars, vans, and light-duty trucks powered by gasoline engines. These oils have produced a fuel economy improvement of 2.7 percent or more, compared with a standard reference oil in a standard test procedure.
EC Energy Conserving
Engine oils categorised as Energy Conserving are formulated to improve the fuel economy of passenger cars, vans, and light-duty trucks powered by gasoline engines. These oils have produced a fuel economy improvement of 1.5 percent or more, compared with standard reference oil in a standard test procedure.
"C" COMMERCIAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CI-4-- 2002 for Severe-Duty Diesel Engine Service
The CI-4 performance requirements describe oils for use in those high speeds, four-stroke cycle diesel engines designed to meet 2004 exhaust emission standards, implemented in October 2002. These oils are compounded for use in all applications with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 0.05% by weight. These oils are especially effective at sustaining engine durability where Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and other exhaust emission componentry may be used. Optimum protection is provided for control of corrosive wear tendencies, low and high temperature stability, soot handling properties, piston deposit control, valve train wear, oxidative thickening, foaming and viscosity loss due to shear. CI-4 oils are superior in performance to those meeting API CH-4, CG-4 and Cf-4 and can effectively lubricate engines calling for those API Service categories.
CH-4-- 1998 for Severe-Duty Diesel Engine Service
API Service Category CH-4 oils are suitable for high speed; four-stroke diesel engines designed to meet 1998 exhaust emission standards and are specifically compounded for use with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 0.5% weight. CH-4 oils are superior in performance to those meeting API CF-4 and API CG-4 and can effectively lubricate engines calling for those API Service Categories.
CG-4--1994 for Severe-Duty Diesel Engine Service
API Service Category CG-4 describes oils for use in high-speed, four-stroke cycle diesel engines used in both heavy-duty, on-highway (0.05% weight sulfur fuel) and off-highway (less than 0.5% weight sulfur fuel) applications. CG-4 oils provide effective control over high-temperature piston deposits, wear, corrosion, foaming, oxidation stability and soot accumulation. These oils are especially effective in engines designed to meet 1994 USA exhaust emission standards and may also be used in engines requiring API Service Categories CD, CE and CF-4. Oils designated for this service have been in existence since 1994.
CF-4 for Severe-Duty Four-Stroke-Cycle Diesel Engine Service
Service typical of certain high-speed, turbocharged and supercharged, four-stroke-cycle diesel engines since 1990. API Service Category CF-4 oils exceed the requirements of the API Service Category CE, and provide improved control of oil consumption and engine deposits. Oils meeting API Service Category CF-4 may be used when API Service Categories CE and CD are recommended for diesel engines.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil exceeding the requirements of CE, thus providing improved control of oil consumption and piston deposits. Should be used in place of CE.
CF-2 Two-Stroke-Cycle Diesel Engine Service
Service category CF-2 denotes service typical of two-stroke-cycle engines requiring highly effective control over cylinder and ring-face scuffing and deposits. Oils designated for this service have been in existence since 1994 and may also be used when API Service category CD-II is recommended. These oils do not necessarily meet the requirements of CF or CF-4 unless passing test requirements of these categories.
CF for Indirect-Injected Diesel Engine Service
Service category CF denotes service typical of indirect-injected diesel engines, and other diesel engines which use a broad range of fuel types including those using fuel with higher sulphur content, for example over 0.5% weight. Effective control of piston deposits, wear and copper-containing bearing corrosion is essential for these engines which may be naturally aspirated, turbocharged or supercharged. Oils designated for this service have been in existence since 1994, and may also be used when API Service Category CD is recommended.
Obsolete Service Classifications for Diesel Engines
CE for 1983 Diesel Engine Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of certain turbocharged and supercharged heavy-duty diesel engines manufactured since 1983 and operating under high-load conditions for both low and high-speed operation. Oils designed for this service may be used where API Service Category CD is recommended for diesel engines.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting requirements for oil consumption, wear, and deposits due to soot and oil oxidation along with previous requirements of CD.
CD-II for Severe-Duty Two-Stroke-Cycle Diesel Engine Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of two-stroke-cycle diesel engines requiring highly effective control over wear and deposits. Oils designed for this service also meet all the requirements of API Service Category CD.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting current CD specification and includes MIL-L-2104D (DDC 6VE-53T Specification). Reduces wear and deposits for 2-cycle engines. It is proposed that API CD-II will become obsolete effective January 1, 1996.
CD for Diesel Engine Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of certain naturally aspirated, turbocharged or supercharged diesel engines where highly effective control of wear and deposits is vital or when using fuels of wide quality range, including high-sulphur fuels. Oils designed for this service were introduced in 1955 and provide protection from bearing corrosion and from high-temperature deposits in these diesel engines.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting Caterpillar Tractor Company certification requirements for Superior Lubricants (Series 3) for Caterpillar diesel engines. Provides moderately supercharged diesel performance. The certification of Series 3 oils was established by Caterpillar tractor company in 1955. API CD is obsolete effective January 1, 1996.
CC for Diesel Engine Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of certain naturally aspirated and lightly supercharged diesel engines operated in moderate to severe service, and certain heavy-duty gasoline engines. Oils designed for this service provided protection from high-temperature deposits and bearing corrosion in these diesel engines, and from rust, corrosion and low-temperature deposits in gasoline engines. These oils were introduced in 1961.
ASTM Engine Oil Description: Oil meeting requirements of MIL-L-2104B. Provides low temperature anti-sludge, antirust, and lightly supercharged diesel engine performance. The MIL-L-2104B specification was issued in 1964.
CB for Diesel Engine Service (Obsolete)
Service typical of diesel engines operated in mild to moderate duty. Oils designed for this service provided necessary protection from bearing corrosion and high-temperature deposits in normally-aspirated diesel engines with lower quality fuels. Oils of API Service Category CB should not be used in any engine unless specifically recommended by the manufacturer.
AS TM Engine Oil Description: Oil for use in gasoline and naturally aspirated diesel engines. Includes MIL-L-2104A oils where the diesel engine test was run using high sulfur fuel.
API TWO-CYCLE SERVICE CLASSIFICATIONS Of four originally proposed API Two-Cycle Service Classifications, only one is current. Two are obsolete, never having been developed further than proposals. The fourth has been superseded and is no longer recommended.
API TC (Current)
Designed for various high-performance engines, typically between 200 and 500 cc, such as those on motorcycles and snowmobiles, and chain saws with high fuel-oil ratios - but not outboards. Two-cycle engine oils designed for API Classification TC address ring-sticking, pre-ignition and cylinder scuffing problems.
API TA (Obsolete)
Proposed classification for two-stroke engine oils required for extremely-small engines, typically less than 50 cc. Engine Tests for this classification were under preparation when the Coordinating European Council (CEC) withdrew support for this category.
API TB (Obsolete)
Proposed classification for two-stroke engine oils required for the engines of motor-scooters and other highly-loaded small engines, typically between 50 and 200 cc. The test sponsor no longer requires this category, and the classification has been abandoned.
API TD (Obsolete)
Designed for water-cooled outboard engines, this classification used the identical engine test to that in the National Marine Manufacturers association (NMMA) TC-W category. API TD has been superseded, and is no longer accepted by the NMMA, who now recommend oils meeting the requirements of TC-W3 for water-cooled outboard engines.
API AXLE AND MANUAL TRANSMISSION LUBRICANT CLASSIFICATIONS The API, in a joint effort with the SAE and ASTM, has assigned performance designations to differentiate the various load-carrying capabilities of automotive manual transmission and axle lubricants. The API Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Classification system currently includes six classes of service. Four classifications are current, two are obsolete but still of commercial interest, and there are two new classifications proposed for introduction.
API GL-1
Designates the type of service characteristics of manual transmissions operating under such mild conditions of low unit pressures and minimum sliding velocities, that untreated oil may be used satisfactorily. Oxidation and rust inhibitors, defoamers, and pour depressants may be used to improve the characteristics of lubricants intended for this service. Frictional modifiers and extreme pressure additives shall not be utilized.Due to speeds and loads involved, untreated oil without oxidation and rust inhibitor additives is generally not a satisfactory lubricant for many passenger car manual transmissions. For some truck and tractor manual transmissions, untreated oils may be used successfully. In all cases, the transmission manufacturers' specific lubricant recommendations should be followed.
API GL-2
Designates the type of service characteristic of automotive type worm-gear axles operating under such conditions of load, temperature and sliding velocities that lubricants satisfactory for API GL-1 will not suffice. Products suited for this type of service contain antiwear or very mild extreme-pressure agents which provide protection for worm gears.
API GL-3
Designates the type of service characteristic of manual transmissions and spiral-bevel axles operating under mild to moderate to severe conditions of speed and load. These service conditions require a lubricant having load-carrying capacities greater than those that will satisfy API GL-1 service, but below the requirements of lubricants satisfying API GL-4 service. Gear lubricants designated for API GL-3 are not intended for hypoid gear applications.
API GL-4
Designates the type of service characteristic of spiral-bevel and hypoid gears in automotive axles operated under moderate speeds and loads. These oils may be used in selected manual transmission and transaxle applications. (User should consult axle/transmission manufacturers specific lubricant recommendations.) While this service designation is still used commercially to describe lubricants, some test equipment used for performance verification is no longer available. An additional API classification has been proposed which would replace API GL-4 for use in manual transmissions in trucks and buses (see API GL-1 below).
API GL-5
Designates the type of service characteristic of gears, particularly hypoids in automotive axles operated under high-speed and/or low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lubricants qualified under U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D (formerly MIL-L-2105C) satisfy the requirements of the API GL-5 designation.
API GL-6 (Obsolete)
Designates the type of service characteristic of gears designed with a very high pinion offset. Such designs typically require (gear) score protection in excess of that provided by API GL-5 gear oils. A shift to more modest pinion offsets, coupled with the obsolescence of original API GL-6 test equipment and procedure, has greatly diminished the commercial need for API GL-6 gear lubricants.
U.S. MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS A wide range of U.S. Military (MIL-) specifications exist for the use of the U.S. Department of Defense and other government agencies. The approval and maintenance of a MIL- lubricant qualification not only requires manufacture and testing of a fixed additive and base oil formulation, but a "Manufacturing Facility Survey" (MFS) is also required. While many U.S. MIL- specifications are obsolete and there is only a limited need for fully approved products, these lubricant specifications are still widely used as industry guidelines. Therefore references are given to applicable current and superseded MIL- specifications. The MIL- description includes another letter which indicates the specification application, e.g., MIL-L for lubricants, MIL-G for greases and MIL-H for hydraulic fluids.
MIL-L-2104F
Current specification for crankcase oil intended for spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines used in all types of military combat/tactical ground equipment, and for power transmissions, hydraulic systems, and non-hypoid gear units of engineering and construction equipment, material handling equipment and combat/tactical ground equipment. Oils of this specification meet API Service Classification CD-II, and testing in spark-ignition engine tests suggests a petrol engine performance in the area of API SF. The specification covers SAE 10W, 30, 40 and 15W40 viscosity grades.
Diesel engine oils for use in the engines only of wheeled vehicles equipped with compression-ignition systems are now covered by "Commercial Item Description" (CID) A-A-52306, issued November 1992, which specifies the use of oils meeting the following SAE viscosity grades and API performance levels:
| Viscosity Grade |
Performance Level |
| SAE 15W40 |
API CD-II, CF-4 and SG |
| SAE 30 |
API CD-II and SG |
| SAE 40 |
API CD-II and SG |
MIL-L-2104E (superseded March 1992)
Approximate equivalent of API Service Classification CD-II in diesel engine performance while testing in spark-ignition engine tests suggests a petrol engine performance in the area of API SF.
MIL-L-2104D (superseded August 1988)
Approximate equivalent of API Service Classification CD with a petrol engine performance which fell between API SD and SE. Passing performance in the DDA 6V-53T, Caterpillar TO-2 and Allison C-3 tests also required.
MIL-L-2104C (superseded April 1983)
Approximate equivalent of API Service Classification CD/SD.
MIL-L-2104B (superseded November 1970)
Required performance in the 1-H, L-38 and LTD engine tests.
MIL-L-2104A (superseded December 1964)
Required performance in the L-1 diesel engine test and L-4 petrol engine test. Prior to MIL-L-2104A, several Military Ordnance and U.S. Army specifications were in place, and the history of these is included below. MIL-0-2104 issued August 1950, superseded by MIL-L-2104A February 1954. U.S. Army 2-104B issued May 1943, superseded by MIL-0-2104 August 1954. Supplement 1 applied to U.S. Army 2-104B but was never written into the specification itself, this "Qualified Products List" (QPL) listed oils which were tested against higher-sulfur fuel. Supplement 2 applied to U.S. Army 2-104B but was never written into the specification itself, this QPL listed oils which were also approved under Caterpillar Superior Lubricants (Series 2). U.S. Army 2-104A and 2-104 were issued between 1941 and 1943, and were superseded by U.S. Army 2-104B May 1943. Note: U.S. Army 2-104B, Supplement 1 was a higher performance level than the subsequent MIL-0-2104 and MIL-L-21 04A specifications, and "Supplement 1" became an accepted industry guideline until the issue of MIL-L-21 04B in December 1964.
MIL-L-2105D
Current specification for multipurpose gear oil intended for automotive gear units, heavy-duty industrial type enclosed gear units, steering gear units and fluid lubricated universal joints of automotive equipment. This specification covers SAE 75W, 80W90 and 85W140 viscosity grades, the use of re-refined base oil is allowed, and for the first time a direct equivalent to API Classification GL-5 is included.
MIL-L-2105C (superseded August 1987)
Specification for multipurpose gear oil, introduced the low-temperature and multigrade viscosity grades SAE 75W, 80W90 and 85W140.
MIL-L-2105B (superseded October 1976)
Specification for multipurpose gear oil, covered monograde viscosity grades SAE 80, 90 and 140.
MIL-L-2105A (superseded February 1962)
Specification for multipurpose gear oil, covered monograde viscosity grades SAE 80, 90 and 140.
MIL-L-2105 (introduced April 1950, superseded December 1958)
Specification for universal gear oil, covered monograde viscosity grades SAE 75, 80 and 90.
MIL-H-5606F
Current specification for petroleum based hydraulic fluid. Requires close control of minute particulate contaminates. For use over the operating temperature range of -54oC to 135oC, minimum viscosity at 40oC is 13.2 cSt.
MIL-L-17331H (Ships)
Current specification for steam turbine oil for use in main turbine and gears, auxiliary turbine installations, certain hydraulic equipment, general mechanical lubrication, and air compressors. The specification allows an oil viscosity at 40oC between 74 and 97 cSt.
MIL-L-21260 (superseded)
Specification for engine oil for the preservation and break-in of spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines. The current specification, MIL-L-21260D, covers SAE 10W, 30, 40 and 15W40 viscosity grades, and oils of this specification meet API Service Classifications CD/SE as well as passing specific corrosion protection testing.
MIL-L-45199B (superseded January 1972)
Specification for crankcase oil intended for high-output, supercharged, compression-ignition engines, equivalent to Caterpillar Superior Lubricants (Series 3). The requirements for this type of engine oil were covered by MIL-L-2104C from January 1972.
MIL-L-46152E (superseded October 1991)
Specification for crankcase oils for commercial vehicles operated by the military and government agencies. Oils of this specification met API Service Classification SG/CC plus high-temperature/high-shear viscosity and evaporation loss requirements. The specification covered SAE 5W30, 10W30 and 15W40 multigrade oils only. Engine oils for use in administration-type commercial vehicles equipped with spark-ignition gas-consuming engines are now covered by "Commercial Item Description" (CID) A-A-52039, issued October 1991, which specifies the use of SAE 5W30, 10W30 and 15W40 oils meeting API Service Classification SG, with API EC II performance for the SAE 5W30 and 10W30 viscosity grades.
MIL-L-46152D (superseded May 1990)
API Service Classification SG/CC, SAE 10W, 30, 5W30, 10W30 and 15W40 viscosity grades.
MIL-L-46152C (superseded August 1988)
API Service Classification SF/CC, SAE 10W, 30, 5W30, 10W30 and 15W40 viscosity grades.
MIL-L-46152B (superseded August 1987)
API Service Classification SF/CC, SAE 10W, 30, 5W20, 10W30 and 15W40 viscosity grades.
MIL-L-46152A (superseded January 1981)
API Service Classification SE/CC. Limit of 0.14% phosphorus content introduced, re-refined base oil allowed, SAE 10W, 30, 5W20, 10W30 and 20W40 viscosity grades.
MIL-L-46152 (introduced November 1970, superseded January 1980)
API Service Classification SE/CC, SAE 10W, 30, 10W30 and 20W40 viscosity grades.
LMOA LUBRICATING OIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
The Locomotive Maintenance Officers Association (LMOA) in the US has long been involved with diesel locomotive engine manufacturers, the railroads, and lubricant suppliers to solve engine lubrication related problems in the railroad industry. The LMOA operates a classification system which defines the performance of diesel locomotive engine lubricants. The railroads, the engine manufacturers and lubricant suppliers all recognize the LMOA "Generation" nomenclature. Although the LMOA lubricating oil classification system is regarded as an industry guideline, field evaluations are still required by most engine manufacturers to qualify oil for service in their equipment. In many instances, the engine manufacturer's approval specifies the additive package and base stock used to formulate the lubricant. Increases in engine power from the same size engine, the reduction in oil-consumption with the consequent cutback in top-up oil, the desire to extend oil change periods, and the need to prevent the engine oil oxidizing and thickening in service has lead to successive LMOA Engine Oil Generations having higher levels of detergency, alkalinity reserve, and oxidation resistance.
Generation 1 - introduced 1940
Generation 1 oils included straight mineral oils, as well as some which were lightly compounded with detergents and antioxidants. Base Number (BN) of Generation 1 oils was generally below 7.
Generation 2 - introduced 1964
Generation 2 engine oils introduced ash-less dispersants and moderate levels of detergency. Oils of this performance were developed to reduce engine sludge and extend filter life. Generation 2 engine oils had a BN of around 7.
Generation 3 - introduced 1968
Generation 3 engine oils demonstrated improved alkalinity retention, detergency and dispersancy. With a BN of around 10, Generation 3 oils were introduced to overcome increased piston ring wear.
Generation 4 - introduced 1976
Generation 4 oils provided added protection under severe operating conditions, and were designed to allow 90 day oil change intervals. The LMOA set higher base number (13), detergency and dispersancy characteristics. As well as being approved by both GE and EMD, Generation 4 engine oils must meet API Service Classification CD.
Generation 5 - introduced 1989
Generation 5 called for extended oil performance to meet the requirements of new generation "fuel efficient" and low oil-consumption diesel locomotive engines, and is designed to provide 180 day oil change intervals. The LMOA does not specify a minimum Base Number for Generation 5 oils. These products have improved alkalinity reserve, detergency, and anti-oxidation performance. Oils meeting LMOA Generation 5 must also meet API Service Classification CD, and have been field tested and approved by both GE and EMD. Before the introduction of the LMOA Generation 5 category, oils which eventually were to meet this qualification were described as Generation 4 "Long life". In a move to achieve improved fuel and oil efficiency, diesel locomotive engine manufacturers are field testing and approving multigrade versions of Generation 4 and 5 oils.
NLGI AUTOMOTIVE GREASE CLASSIFICATIONS
The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI), in cooperation with SAE and ASTM, has developed a system for the designation, description, classification and specification of grease for automotive service lubrication. This system classifies a grease as one of three categories for wheel bearing service, as one of two categories for chassis service, or as a combination of both a wheel bearing/chassis service.
CHASSIS SERVICE
NLGI Chassis Service LA
Service typical of chassis components and universal joints in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild duty only, as encountered in vehicles operated with frequent relubrication in non-critical applications. As an indication of service, the dropping point for NLGI LA grease is 80oC minimum. There are other tests which further define this category.
NLGI Chassis Service LB
Service typical of chassis components and universal joints in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild to severe duty, as encountered in vehicles operated under conditions which may include prolonged relubrication intervals, or high loads, severe vibration, exposure to water or other contaminants. As an indication of service, the dropping point for NLGI LB grease is 150oC minimum. There are other tests which further define this category.
WHEEL BEARING SERVICE
NLGI Wheel Bearing Service GA
Service typical of wheel bearings operated in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild duty, as encountered in vehicles operating with frequent relubrication in non-critical applications.
As an indication of service, the dropping point for NLGI GA grease is 80o C minimum. There are other tests which further define this category.
NLGI Wheel Bearing Service GB
Service typical of wheel bearings operating in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild to moderate duty, as encountered in most vehicles operated under normal urban, highway, and off-highway service.
As an indication of service, the dropping point for NLGI GB grease is 175oC minimum. There are other tests which further define this category.
NLGI Wheel Bearing Service GC
Service typical of wheel bearings operated in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild to severe duty, as encountered in certain vehicles operated under conditions resulting in high bearing temperatures. This includes vehicles operated under frequent stop-and-go service, or under severe braking service.
As an indication of service, the dropping point for NLGI GC grease is 220o C minimum. There are other tests which further define this category.
AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION (AGMA) LUBRICANT SPECIFICATIONS |
| AGMA 250.04: Industrial Enclosed Gear Drives Rust and Oxidation Inhibited |
| AGMA Lubricant No. |
ISO Viscosity Grade |
Fuchs Product |
| 1 |
46 |
Renolin DTA 46 |
| 2 |
68 |
Renolin DTA 68 |
| 3 |
100 |
Renolin DTA 100 |
| 4 |
150 |
Renolin DTA 150 |
| 5 |
220 |
Renolin DTA 220 |
| 6 |
320 |
Renolin DTA 320 |
| AGMA 250.04: Industrial Enclosed Gear Drives Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricants |
| AGMA Lubricant No. |
ISO Viscosity Grade |
Fuchs Product |
| 2EP |
68 |
Renolin CLP 68 |
| 3EP |
100 |
Renolin CLP 100 |
| 4EP |
150 |
Renolin CLP 150 |
| 5EP |
220 |
Renolin CLP 220 |
| 6EP |
320 |
Renolin CLP 320 |
| 7EP |
460 |
Renolin CLP 460 |
| 8EP |
680 |
Renolin CLP 680 |
| AGMA 250.04: Industrial Enclosed Gear Drives Compounded Lubricants |
| AGMA Lubricant No. |
ISO Viscosity Grade |
Fuchs Product |
| 7 Comp. |
460 |
Renolin WGL 460 |
| 8 Comp. |
680 |
Renolin WGL 680 |
| 8A Comp. |
1000 |
Renolin WGL 1000 |
AGMA 251.02 Industrial Open Gearing Rust and Oxidation Inhibited |
| AGMA Lubricant No. |
ISO Viscosity Grade |
Fuchs Product |
| 4 |
150 |
Renolin DTA 150 |
| 5 |
220 |
Renolin DTA 220 |
| 6 |
320 |
Renolin DTA 320 |
| AGMA 251.02 Industrial Open Gearing Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricants |
| AGMA Lubricant No. |
ISO Viscosity Grade |
Fuchs Product |
| 4EP |
150 |
Renolin CLP 150 |
| 5EP |
220 |
Renolin CLP 220 |
| 6EP |
320 |
Renolin CLP 320 |
| 7EP |
460 |
Renolin CLP 460 |
| 8EP |
680 |
Renolin CLP 680 |
| 9EP |
1500 |
Renolin CLP 1500 |
| 10EP |
3200 |
Renolin CLP 3200 |
| AGMA 251.02 Industrial Open Gearing Residual Lubricants |
| AGMA Lubricant No. |
Viscosity, cSt at 100oC |
Fuchs Product |
| 15R |
860 - 1700 |
Duotac Fluid |
SAE VISCOSITY GRADES for ENGINE OILS (SAE J300 DEC '99) |
| SAE Viscosity Grade |
Low Temp Cranking Viscosity max. at Temp cP at oC |
Low Temp Pumping Visc. Max with no yield stress at temp cP at oC |
High Temperature ViscosityKinematic cSt at 100oC |
High Temp High-Shear Viscosity at 150oC& 106s-1 min cP |
| |
|
|
min |
max |
|
| 0W |
6200 at -35 |
60 000 at -40 |
3.8 |
- |
- |
| 5W |
6600 at -30 |
60 000 at -35 |
3.8 |
- |
- |
| 10W |
7000 at -25 |
60 000 at -30 |
4.1 |
- |
- |
| 15W |
7000 at -20 |
60 000 at -25 |
5.6 |
- |
- |
| 20W |
9500 at -15 |
60 000 at -20 |
5.6 |
- |
- |
| 25W |
13000 at -10 |
60 000 at -15 |
9.3 |
- |
- |
| 20 |
- |
- |
5.6 |
< 9.3 |
2.6 |
| 30 |
- |
- |
9.3 |
< 12.5 |
2.9 |
| 40 |
- |
- |
12.5 |
< 16.3 |
2.9(1) |
| |
|
|
|
|
3.7(2) |
| 50 |
- |
- |
16.3 |
< 21.9 |
3.7 |
| 60 |
- |
- |
21.9 |
< 26.1 |
3.7 |
| Note: 1 cP = 1 mPa.s; 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s |
(1)
SAE 0W40, 5W40 and 10W40 grades (2)
SAE 15W40, 20W40, 25W40 and 40 grades |
SAE AXLE & MANUAL TRANSMISSION LUBRICANT VISCOSITY CLASSIFICATION (SAE J306) |
| SAE Viscosity Grade |
Maximum Temperature for Viscosity of 150,000 cP |
Viscosity at 100oC, cSt |
| |
|
Minimum |
Maximum |
| 70W |
-55 |
4.1 |
- |
| 75W |
-40 |
4.1 |
- |
| 80W |
-26 |
7.0 |
- |
| 85W |
-12 |
11.0 |
- |
| 90 |
- |
13.5 |
< 24.0 |
| 140 |
- |
24.0 |
< 41.0 |
| 250 |
- |
41.0 |
No Req. |
| Note: 1 cP = 1 mPa.s; 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s |
| * The precision of ASTM Method D2983 has not been established for determinations made at temperatures below -40oC; consequently, this fact should be realized in any producer-consumer relationship. It is expected that ASTM will shortly undertake work in the range down to -55oC for ASTM D2983. |
SAE TWO-STROKE-CYCLE ENGINE OIL MISCIBILITY/FLUIDITY CLASSIFICATION (SAE J1536, OCT 88) |
| Grade |
Test Temperature, oC(1) |
| 1 |
0 |
| 2 |
-10 |
| 3 |
-25 |
| 4 |
-40 |
| (1) Both Miscibility and Brookfield tests must be run on the candidate oil at the temperature intended for qualification. |
VISCOSITY SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL FLUID LUBRICANTS * (ISO 3448, ASTM D2422, DIN 51 519) |
| ISO VG |
Midpoint Viscosity cSt at 40oC |
Limits of Viscosity, cSt at 40oC |
| Minimum |
Maximum |
| 2 |
2.2 |
1.98 |
2.42 |
| 3 |
3.2 |
2.88 |
3.52 |
| 5 |
4.6 |
4.14 |
5.06 |
| 7 |
6.8 |
6.12 |
7.48 |
| 10 |
10 |
9.00 |
11.0 |
| 15 |
15 |
13.5 |
16.5 |
| 22 |
22 |
19.8 |
24.2 |
| 32 |
32 |
28.8 |
35.2 |
| 46 |
46 |
41.4 |
50.6 |
| 68 |
68 |
61.2 |
74.8 |
| 100 |
100 |
90.0 |
110 |
| 150 |
150 |
135 |
165 |
| 220 |
220 |
198 |
242 |
| 320 |
320 |
288 |
352 |
| 460 |
460 |
414 |
506 |
| 680 |
680 |
612 |
748 |
| 1000 |
1000 |
900 |
1100 |
| 1500 |
1500 |
1350 |
1650 |
| Note: 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s |
| * This system implies no evaluation of quality |
NLGI LUBRICATING GREASE CLASSIFICATIONS |
| NLGI ConsistencyNumber |
ASTM Worked Penetrationat 25oC (77 F)Tenths of a Millimeter |
| 000 |
445 - 475 |
| 00 |
400 - 430 |
| 0 |
355 - 385 |
| 1 |
310 - 340 |
| 2 |
265 - 295 |
| 3 |
220 - 250 |
| 4 |
175 - 205 |
| 5 |
130 - 160 |
| 6 |
85 - 115 |
VISCOSITY - TEMPERATURE TABLE for HIGH VI OILS(oC) |
| ISO VISCOSITY GRADE |
| oC |
32 |
46 |
68 |
100 |
150 |
220 |
320 |
460 |
680 |
| 150 |
2.38 |
2.83 |
3.46 |
4.27 |
5.30 |
6.47 |
7.88 |
9.47 |
11.5 |
| 140 |
2.72 |
3.27 |
4.04 |
5.02 |
6.29 |
7.75 |
9.52 |
11.5 |
14.2 |
| 130 |
3.15 |
3.82 |
4.77 |
5.99 |
7.58 |
9.44 |
11.7 |
14.4 |
17.8 |
| 120 |
3.70 |
4.54 |
5.72 |
7.27 |
9.31 |
11.7 |
14.7 |
18.2 |
22.9 |
| 110 |
4.42 |
5.49 |
7.00 |
9.00 |
11.7 |
14.9 |
18.9 |
23.7 |
30.2 |
| 100 |
5.37 |
6.76 |
8.75 |
11.4 |
15.0 |
19.4 |
25.0 |
318 |
41.1 |
| 90 |
6.67 |
8.53 |
11.2 |
14.8 |
19.8 |
26.0 |
34.1 |
44.0 |
57.9 |
| 80 |
8.49 |
11.0 |
14.8 |
19.9 |
27.1 |
36.2 |
48.2 |
63.3 |
84.8 |
| 70 |
11.1 |
14.8 |
20.2 |
27.7 |
38.5 |
52.4 |
71.1 |
95.2 |
130 |
| 60 |
15.1 |
20.6 |
28.7 |
40.2 |
57.2 |
79.6 |
110 |
151 |
211 |
| 50 |
21.5 |
29.9 |
42.9 |
61.5 |
89.7 |
128 |
181 |
254 |
365 |
| 40 |
32.0 |
46.0 |
68.0 |
100 |
150 |
220 |
320 |
460 |
680 |
| 30 |
50.7 |
75.6 |
116 |
175 |
271 |
409 |
613 |
907 |
1380 |
| 20 |
86.7 |
135 |
214 |
334 |
536 |
838 |
1290 |
1980 |
3130 |
| 10 |
162 |
264 |
438 |
711 |
1190 |
1920 |
3070 |
4870 |
8020 |
| 0 |
340 |
585 |
1020 |
1720 |
2990 |
5060 |
8400 |
13900 |
23900 |
| -10 |
820 |
1500 |
2770 |
4880 |
8890 |
15700 |
27200 |
47000 |
85000 |
| -20 |
2350 |
4650 |
9120 |
16800 |
32300 |
60000 |
- |
- |
- |
VISCOSITY CONVERSIONS |
| KinematiccSt |
Saybolt Universal Seconds(SUS) |
Redwood #1 Seconds |
Engler oAll Temp. |
| |
40oC (104 F) |
100oC (212 F) |
140 F (60oC) |
|
| 2.0 |
32.6 |
32.8 |
31 |
1.120 |
| 2.5 |
34.3 |
34.5 |
32 |
1.169 |
| 3.0 |
36.0 |
36.2 |
33 |
1.218 |
| 3.5 |
37.6 |
37.8 |
35 |
1.263 |
| 4.0 |
39.2 |
39.5 |
36 |
1.308 |
| 4.5 |
40.8 |
41.1 |
37 |
1.351 |
| 5.0 |
42.4 |
42.7 |
39 |
1.394 |
| 5.5 |
44.0 |
44.3 |
40 |
1.437 |
| 6.0 |
45.6 |
45.9 |
41 |
1.480 |
| 7.0 |
48.8 |
49.1 |
44 |
1.566 |
| 7.5 |
50.4 |
50.8 |
45 |
1.610 |
| 8.0 |
52.1 |
52.4 |
46 |
1.654 |
| 8.5 |
53.7 |
54.1 |
48 |
1.698 |
| 9.0 |
55.4 |
55.8 |
49 |
1.743 |
| 9.5 |
57.1 |
57.5 |
51 |
1.788 |
| 10.0 |
58.8 |
59.2 |
52 |
1.834 |
| 10.5 |
60.6 |
61.0 |
54 |
1.881 |
| 11.0 |
62.4 |
62.8 |
55 |
1.928 |
| 11.5 |
64.2 |
64.6 |
57 |
1.976 |
| 12.0 |
66.0 |
66.4 |
58 |
2.023 |
| 12.5 |
67.8 |
68.3 |
60 |
2.073 |
| 13.0 |
69.7 |
70.2 |
62 |
2.122 |
| 13.5 |
71.6 |
72.1 |
64 |
2.172 |
| 14.0 |
73.5 |
74.0 |
65 |
2.222 |
| 14.5 |
75.4 |
76.0 |
67 |
2.275 |
| 15.0 |
77.4 |
77.9 |
68 |
2.328 |
| 15.5 |
79.4 |
79.9 |
70 |
2.382 |
| 16.0 |
81.4 |
81.9 |
72 |
2.435 |
| 16.5 |
83.4 |
83.9 |
74 |
2.488 |
| 17.0 |
85.4 |
86.0 |
75 |
2.540 |
| 17.5 |
87.4 |
88.0 |
77 |
2.593 |
| 18.0 |
89.5 |
90.1 |
79 |
2.646 |
| 18.5 |
91.5 |
92.2 |
81 |
2.703 |
| 19.0 |
93.6 |
94.3 |
82 |
2.761 |
| 19.5 |
95.7 |
96.4 |
84 |
2.818 |
| 20 |
97.8 |
98.5 |
86 |
2.876 |
| 21 |
102.1 |
102.7 |
90 |
2.99 |
| 22 |
106.3 |
107.0 |
94 |
3.11 |
| 23 |
110.6 |
111.4 |
97 |
3.23 |
| 24 |
115.0 |
115.8 |
101 |
3.35 |
| 25 |
119.4 |
120.2 |
105 |
3.47 |
| 26 |
123.7 |
124.6 |
109 |
3.59 |
| 27 |
128.2 |
129.0 |
113 |
3.71 |
| 28 |
132.6 |
133.5 |
117 |
3.83 |
| 29 |
132.6 |
133.5 |
117 |
3.83 |
| 30 |
141.5 |
142.5 |
125 |
4.08 |
| 31 |
146.0 |
147.0 |
129 |
4.21 |
| 32 |
150.5 |
151.5 |
133 |
4.33 |
| 33 |
155.0 |
156.0 |
137 |
4.46 |
| 34 |
159.5 |
160.6 |
141 |
4.58 |
| 35 |
164.0 |
165.1 |
145 |
4.71 |
| 36 |
168.6 |
169.7 |
149 |
4.84 |
| 37 |
173.1 |
174.3 |
153 |
4.97 |
| 38 |
177.6 |
17.8 |
157 |
5.09 |
| 39 |
182.2 |
183.4 |
161 |
5.22 |
| 40 |
186.8 |
188.0 |
165 |
5.35 |
| 41 |
191.3 |
192.6 |
169 |
5.48 |
| 42 |
195.9 |
197.2 |
173 |
5.61 |
| 43 |
200 |
201 |
177 |
5.74 |
| 44 |
205 |
206 |
181 |
5.87 |
| 45 |
210 |
211 |
185 |
6.00 |
| 46 |
214 |
215 |
189 |
6.12 |
| 47 |
219 |
220 |
193 |
6.25 |
| 48 |
223 |
224 |
197 |
6.38 |
| 49 |
228 |
229 |
201 |
6.51 |
| 50 |
233 |
234 |
205 |
6.64 |
| 51 |
237 |
238 |
209 |
6.77 |
| 52 |
242 |
243 |
213 |
6.90 |
| 53 |
246 |
247 |
218 |
7.04 |
| 54 |
251 |
252 |
222 |
7.17 |
| 55 |
256 |
257 |
226 |
7.30 |
| 56 |
260 |
261 |
230 |
7.43 |
| 57 |
265 |
266 |
234 |
7.56 |
| 58 |
269 |
271 |
238 |
7.69 |
| 59 |
274 |
275 |
242 |
7.82 |
| 60 |
279 |
280 |
246 |
7.95 |
| 61 |
283 |
285 |
250 |
8.08 |
| 62 |
288 |
289 |
254 |
8.21 |
| 63 |
292 |
294 |
258 |
8.34 |
| 64 |
297 |
299 |
262 |
8.47 |
| 65 |
302 |
303 |
266 |
8.61 |
| 66 |
306 |
308 |
271 |
8.74 |
| 67 |
311 |
312 |
275 |
8.87 |
| 68 |
315 |
317 |
279 |
9.00 |
| 69 |
320 |
322 |
283 |
9.13 |
| 70 |
325 |
326 |
287 |
9.26 |
| 71 |
329 |
331 |
291 |
9.39 |
| 72 |
334 |
336 |
295 |
9.52 |
| 73 |
339 |
340 |
299 |
9.66 |
| 74 |
343 |
345 |
303 |
9.79 |
| 75 |
348 |
350 |
307 |
9.92 |
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR VISCOSITIES IN EXCESS OF 75 CENTISTOKES |
| To convert to: |
at: |
Multiply cSt at same temp by: |
| SUS |
40oC |
4.632 |
| SUS |
100oC |
4.664 |
| Redwood No. 1 |
70 F |
4.06 |
| Redwood No. 1 |
100 F |
4.08 |
| Redwood No. 1 |
140 F |
4.10 |
| Redwood No. 1 |
200 F |
4.18 |
| Engler o |
All Temperatures |
0.132 |
MEASUREMENT CONVERSION FACTORS |
| UNIT |
← MULTIPLIERS → |
UNIT |
| Length: |
|
|
Length: |
| inch, in |
0.03937 |
25.400 |
millimeter, mm |
| foot, ft |
3.2808 |
0.30480 |
meter, m |
| yard, yd |
1.0936 |
0.91440 |
meter, m |
| statute mile, mi.-5280 ft |
0.62137 |
1.6093 |
kilometer, km |
| nautical mile, Int. |
0.5399 |
1.852 |
kilometer, km |
| Area: |
|
|
Area: |
| square inch, in2 |
0.15500 |
6.4516 |
square centimeter, cm2 |
| square foot, ft2 |
10.764 |
0.99290 |
square meter, m2 |
| square yard, yd2 |
1.1960 |
0.83613 |
square meter, m2 |
| square mile, mi2 |
0.38610 |
2.5900 |
square kilometer, km2 |
| |
0.00386 |
259.00 |
hectares, ha |
| Volume: |
|
|
Volume: |
| cubic inch, in3 |
0.06102 |
16,387 |
cubic centimeter, cm3 |
| cubic foot, ft3 |
35.315 |
0.02832 |
cubic meter, m3 |
| |
0.13368 |
7.4805 |
gallon (US), gal |
| |
0.16054 |
6.2288 |
gallon (Imp), gal |
| cubic yard, yd3 |
1.3079 |
0.76456 |
cubic meter, m3 |
| fluid ounce (US), fl oz |
0.03381 |
29.574 |
cubic centimeter, cm3 |
| pint (US), liq pt (16 oz) |
2.1134 |
0.47317 |
liter, L (1000.0 cm3) |
| quart (US), qt (32 oz) |
1.0567 |
0.94635 |
liter, L |
| gallon (US), gal (128 oz) |
1.2009 |
0.83268 |
gallon (Imp), gal (160 imp oz) |
| (231 in3) |
0.26417 |
3.7854 |
liter, L |
| |
42.00 |
0.02381 |
barrel (US), bbl |
| barrel (US), bbl |
6.29 |
158.99 |
liter, L |
| gallon (Imp), gal (277.4 in3) |
0.21998 |
4.5461 |
liter, L |
| |
34.973 |
0.02859 |
barrel (US), bbl |
| Mass & Weight: |
|
|
Mass & Weight: |
| avdp. ounce, oz |
0.03527 |
28.350 |
gram, g |
| avdp. pound, lb (16 oz) |
2.2046 |
0.45359 |
kilogram, kg |
| short ton, t (2000 Lb) |
1.1200 |
0.89285 |
long ton, Lt (2240 Lb) |
| |
1.1023 |
0.90718 |
metric ton, tonne (1000 kg) |
| long ton, It (2240 Lb) |
0.98421 |
1.0160 |
metric ton, tonne (1000 kg) |
| Density & Concentration: |
|
|
Density & Concentration: |
| lb/in3 |
0.03613 |
27.680 |
g/cm3 |
| Lb/ft3 |
0.06243 |
16.018 |
kg/m3 |
| Lb/gal (US) |
8.3454 |
0.11983 |
kg/L |
| Lb/gal (Imp.) |
10.022 |
0.09978 |
kg/L |
| Ib/1 000 bbI, (PTB) |
0.35052 |
2.8529 |
mg/L |
| Temperature (oF) |
(F - 32) x 5/9 |
(9/5 x oC) + 32 |
Temperature (oC) |
| Pressure (force/area): |
|
|
Pressure (force/area): |
| Lb-force/in2, psi |
0.00694 |
144.00 |
Lb-force/ft2, psf |
| |
14.696 |
0.06805 |
atmosphere, atm |
| |
0.19337 |
5.1715 |
cm Hg at 0oC |
| |
0.03613 |
27.673 |
in H2O at 4oC |
| |
0.14504 |
6.8948 |
kilopascal, kPa |
| |
0.01450 |
68.948 |
millibar, mbar |
| atmosphere, atm |
1.0333 |
0.96784 |
kgf/cm2 |
| |
0.01316 |
76.000 |
cm Hg at 0oC |
| |
0.00246 |
406.79 |
in H2O at 4oC |
| |
0.00987 |
101.32 |
kilopascal, kPa |
| cm Hg at 0oC |
73.556 |
0.01360 |
kgf/cm2 |
| |
0.18683 |
5.3525 |
in H2O at 4oC |
| |
0.075008 |
1.3332 |
kilopascal, kPa |
| in H2O at 4oC |
0.03937 |
25.399 |
kg-force/m2, kgf/m2 |
| |
4.0147 |
0.24908 |
kilopascal, kPa |
| millibar, mbar |
10.000 |
0.10000 |
kilopascal, kPa |
| Power: |
|
|
Power: |
| Btu/hour, Btu/hr |
3.4122 |
0.29307 |
watt, W |
| kilocalorie/hour, kcal/hr |
0.85985 |
1.163 |
watt, W |
| foot-pound/sec, ft.lbf/s |
0.73757 |
1.3558 |
watt, W |
| |
542.48 |
0.00184 |
horsepower, hp |
| horsepower, hp |
1.3410 |
0.7457 |
kilowatt, kW |
| Velocity & Flow: |
|
|
Velocity & Flow: |
| foot/second, ft/s |
3.2808 |
0.30480 |
meter/second, m/s |
| |
0.05468 |
18.288 |
m/min |
| |
0.91134 |
1.0973 |
km/hr |
| |
1.4667 |
0.68182 |
mile/hour, mph |
| |
1.6889 |
0.59210 |
knot, K (nautical mph) |
| mile/hour, mph |
0.62137 |
1.6093 |
km/hr |
| |
1.1516 |
0.86839 |
knot, K (nautical mph) |
| knot, K (nautical mph) |
0.53959 |
1.8532 |
km/hr |
| ft3/min |
2.1190 |
0.47195 |
liters/second, Us |
| gal (US)/min |
15.851 |
0.06309 |
liters/second, Us |
| Viscosity (Kinematic): |
|
|
Viscosity (Dynamic): |
| centistokes, cSt, mm2/s |
1/d* |
d* |
centipoise, cP, mPa.s |
| * d = density in kg/L at same temperature |
|
| |
|
|
 |
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